Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an essential role in various applications ranging from agriculture, surveillance and reconnaissance, search and rescue to delivery services and military operations. Ensuring safe and reliable UAV operation is critical. This study examines new strategies that enhance UAV reliability and safety, focusing on military applications through advanced technologies like AI. These approaches, based on military doctrine and recent research, increase the reliability of UAVs, reduce and control risks, and optimize safety. This study includes three key aspects: Reliability criteria in the performance of UAVs: understanding these parameters based on new approaches in the field of using UAVs, provides the possibility to improve the performance of UAVs in different conditions. Risk management and control methods: Effective risk management strategies include identifying possible risks in the operational field of UAVs, evaluating their impact, and implementing preventive measures. UAV safety during the mission: UAV security with the approach of using new and creative techniques against different conditions is necessary to increase the success of UAVs during operations. According to the strategies mentioned in the defense doctrines, it paves the way for safer and more reliable operation of drones and reaching the desired goals.

The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly embracing green chemistry as a means to tackle environmental challenges and promote sustainability in drug development. This review delves into how green chemistry principles are being applied in pharmaceutical processes, with a focus on advancements in green synthesis, sustainable drug discovery, and eco-friendly technologies. Despite these strides, significant challenges remain, including the persistent use of toxic solvents, dependence on rare metal catalysts, scalability limitations, and the high costs of implementing greener alternatives. Emerging technologies such as bio-catalysis, flow chemistry, machine learning, and solvent-free methodologies have shown significant promise in overcoming these challenges. This review highlights several key research opportunities, including the development of renewable catalysts, Innovative solvents, and hybrid synthesis methods that integrate traditional and green approaches. As sustainability becomes a priority, green pharmaceutical chemistry is poised to play a pivotal role in minimizing the environmental footprint of drug production while enhancing process efficiency. Future progress in this field will hinge on interdisciplinary research and collaboration, driving the adoption of more sustainable practices across the pharmaceutical industry and paving the way for an eco-friendlier future.

Ensuring the ethanol (EtOH) content in hand gel sanitizers meets regulatory standards is critical for effective viral inactivation, particularly in preventing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variants. This study aimed to develop a rapid quality control method to verify a minimum EtOH concentration of 52% (w/w) in hand sanitizers available in Vietnam. Near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometric modeling, were employed to enable fast and accurate EtOH quantification. More than 200 real-sample matrix standards with validated EtOH concentrations were used to construct partial least squares (PLS) models, achieving root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.46% and 0.76% (w/w) for NIR and Raman methods, respectively. A self-built headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) system was developed for comparison, yielding a linear EtOH calibration range of 0.25%–2.5% (w/w) (R² > 0.998), a relative standard deviation <3%, and recoveries from 104.1% to 108.3%. Eleven commercial hand sanitizer samples were analyzed, with one failing to meet the required EtOH content. The relative errors between the NIR and Raman spectroscopy methods compared to HS-GC were 2.0% and 0.9%, respectively, demonstrating strong agreement. These results suggest that spectroscopy-based approaches offer a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective alternative for routine quality control of ethanol concentration in hand sanitizers, ensuring compliance with public health regulations.

If we take Ibn Malik as the connecting chain of the interconnected history of syntax, we will find him among the last analytic scholars and theorist grammarians, since in his era, the principles of syntax has been established and grammarians didn’ t provide new ideas. But discussion of Ibn Malik’ s Innovative syntactic approaches is important because of two reasons. Due to his authoritative position and deep understanding of the syntactic issues, Ibn Malik succeeded in accumulating the syntactic views of Basra, Kufa, and Baghdad schools of grammar, and in settling the disputes over syntactic issues. On the other hand, due to his great mind and vast knowledge of Arabic vocabulary, Arabic discourse, and rare Readings of the Quran, as well as his reliance on traditions and audition, he could get the same syntactic results achieved by the scholars of Basra school. Studying Ibn Malik's syntactic approach is also important from a third aspect. In addition to Quranic verses and old poems, he used the prophetic traditions as a source of syntactic evidence, while it was disputed among the grammarians that if traditions could be used as so or not.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare higher-order aberrations between personalized treatment (PT) versus personalized treatment advanced (PTA) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 eyes of 40 patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. They underwent PRK using PT or PTA algorithm randomly. Higher-order aberrations were measured and compared between the study groups pre-operatively and at months 3 and 6 postoperatively.Results: The two study groups were comparable in terms of preoperative higher-order aberrations.Compared to the preoperative values, higher-order aberrations were significantly increased in the PT group (p<0.001), but decreased in the PTA group (p<0.001). Spherical aberration exhibited a significant increase postoperatively in the PT group (p<0.001) but remained unchanged in the PTA group (P=0.57).Conclusion: PRK using PT algorithm resulted in an increase higher-order aberrations. PTA algorithm provided better results in terms of postoperative higher-order aberrations and could treat pre-existing higher-order aberrations.

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a multifaceted metabolic disorder with diverse etiologies, has remained a significant global health concern, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems.   Objectives: This review aims to explore contemporary advancements in diabetes research, shedding light on recent breakthroughs and their potential impact. Methods: A thorough examination of current literature was conducted to identify critical areas in diabetes research. Precision medicine, Innovative therapies, biomarker discovery, and technology integration, including artificial intelligence (AI), in diabetes care were investigated to provide a comprehensive overview. Results: The review highlights the emergence of precision medicine as a promising avenue in diabetes research, emphasizing tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual patient characteristics. Innovative therapies, such as gene therapies and advanced pharmacological interventions, present novel strategies for effective diabetes management. Biomarker discovery is a key focus, which helps identify reliable indicators for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. Incorporating technology, including continuous glucose monitoring and insulin delivery systems, reflects a paradigm shift in diabetes care. Conclusion: This review underscores the dynamic landscape of diabetes research, emphasizing the crucial role of precision medicine, Innovative therapies, biomarker discovery, and technology integration in shaping future directions. The evolving role of AI in diabetes care signifies a transformative potential for personalized, data-driven interventions. By providing insights into contemporary advancements, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop more effective prevention and management strategies for diabetes, addressing the pressing global health challenge posed by this complex metabolic disorder.

The escalating challenge of industrial dye pollution in wastewater necessitates the exploration of effective treatment methodologies. This study introduces a novel approach combining microwave irradiation with the Fenton oxidation process, showcasing a significant leap in the removal of Reactive Yellow 145 pollutants. By systematically manipulating variables such as Reactive Yellow 145 concentration, catalyst presence, and reaction environment pH, the investigation reveals a substantial increase in the degradation efficiency of complex dye molecules. The synergy between microwave energy and chemical oxidants under optimal conditions results in a remarkable reduction of both color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, with the process achieving over 95% dye elimination and 82% COD reduction within 7 minutes. The analysis of UV-Vis spectroscopy before and after treatment showed that the microwave-enhanced Fenton process efficiently decomposed dye molecules, with a notably faster decomposition rate observed for azo and hydrazine groups compared to aromatic structures. This study not only underlines the potential of microwave-assisted Fenton processes in addressing persistent wastewater contaminants but also sets the groundwork for future research in scalable, environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solutions.